<img class="manuscript" src="images/game_banner.jpg" align="center" alt="Banner for the game Adventures in Illuminating">
<div class="subtitle">//Thirteenth century Paris//</div>
You are a novice artist, learning the practices of ''book decoration and production'' in your city. Your workshop specializes in the painting and ''illumination'' of manuscripts (hand-written books). As a novice, you mainly serve as an assistant in the preparation of materials, and help maintain supplies for your workshop. In your spare time, you practice your skills by drawing from nature and copying from ''model books'' on hand in your workshop.
The //libraire// (workshop director) coordinates your activities. As you learn to prepare materials properly, you will be given more responsibilities and opportunities to apply your hand to manuscripts--but first, you must demonstrate your skills under supervision.
[[Learn more about making a manuscript|Manuscript Game]] or [[Start the Game]].
<div class="title">''Learn About the Elements of a Manuscript''</div>
<<if visited("Stationers Row")>>Read more below or [[go back to the game|Stationers Row]].<<else>>Read more below or [[go back to the game|Start the Game]].<</if>>
[[Parchment|Parchment.info]]: made from animal skin, and can be purchased from a parchmenter.
[[Scribes|Scribe.info]]: responsible for writing the text of the manuscript
[[Illumination|Illumination.info]]: artists (and sometimes the scribes) are responsible for decorating the pages of a manuscript with paintings and //metal leaf//
[[Pigments|Pigments.info]]: powdered colors that produce paints
[[Grouping the Pages]]: how a medieval book is organized
[[Binding]]: how a medieval book is bound<img class="illo" src="images/parchment.jpg" alt="Sheet of animal skin parchment, showing some cutting holes and tears"><div class="title">''Parchment''</div>
Medieval books are usually written on parchment, made from animal skins that have been cleaned, stretched, and dried to thin, even sheets. //Vellum// refers specifically to parchment made from calfs, and produced a fine, soft surface for writing and decoration.
As demand for books has increased, parchment making is becoming a specialized trade. Parchment is a durable surface, but producing it is difficult and expensive. Poorly-made parchment might yellow or become brittle over time, but well-made parchment will endure for years--maybe even centuries. Artists make use of parchment to its full potential, and it is not uncommon to find books with small holes in the page--likely from flaws in the animal's skin--which the artist simply writes around (or even incorporates into the design of the page!).
After the skins are prepared, they are cut into sheets which can then be [[folded and gathered|Grouping the Pages]] together for manuscript books.
''There are several ways you can procure parchment:''
*Buy animal skins from a farmer and make it yourself
**This is the least expensive, but most time-intensive process
*Buy the prepared, cut parchment sheets from the Parchmenter
**The most expensive, but quickest option
[[return|Manuscript Game]] <img class="illo" src="images/W37_f14r_scroll.jpg" alt="Illustrated, inhabited capital letter from a manuscript, showing a person holding a roll of parchment"><div class="title">''Scribes''</div>
In earlier monastic scriptoriums, the scribe (writer) and illuminator (artist) might often be the same person. However, as the book trade has expanded, many craftspersons have specialized in certain areas of production. ''Scribes'' may work in coordinator with ''illuminators'' to determine what parts of a book will receive decoration, plan out (rule) the pages, and write the text.
Medieval books are often created as ''copies'' of earlier texts or sources. While many scribes attempt to adhere directly to the text, variations and alterations occur over time. For a work like a ''Book of Hours'', a patron would usually choose which daily prayers or passages they want included in their manuscript. Books were usually compilations of texts from different authors and sources, organized based on the patron's needs. These were mostly written in Latin, but vernacular stories and texts (e.g. in local French dialects) are found more regularly later in the medieval period.
In university towns, this practice required a new way of production. The //pecia// system (likely started in Paris) was devised, allowing for a scriptorium orb ookseller to rent out copies of texts to students and scribes, who could then write their own copies of a book.
The scribes wrote with a quill pen made from a goose or a swan feather, cut to form a writing nib which could be sharpened with a pen knife. which was also used when the tip frayed or to scrape off mistakes that were made in the parchment. The scribes likely sat at sloped desks with their tools and inks.
Once the writing is finished, it is customary to ''proofread'' the manuscript to make sure there are no mistakes. This duty often falls to the stationer or leader of a workshop...though there are plenty of examples where mistakes were missed.
<<return>><img class="illo" src="images/Walters_W39_13r_sm.jpg" alt="Manuscript page showing saints and the Virgin Mary, with text and decorative borders"><div class="title">''Illumination''</div>
While "illumination" refers to the use of metals (gold, silver, tin) to decorate manuscript pages, an ''illuminator'' is generally the artist who both paints and gilds the book illustrations.
Gilding can be done in several ways. For larger areas of gilding, like backgrounds, thin sheets of //metal leaf// are applied to the surface of the page. For the decoration of letters, artists might use //shell gold//, a mix a bit of powdered gold with a binding agent, painted directly on the page.
Gold and silver leaf are produced by beating the metal into very thing sheetts. To buy the material needed for the illumination, you can visit the Craftsman.
If the manuscript does not contain areas of gold or silver leaf, then it will not be considered an //illuminated// manuscript.
<<return>><img class="illo" src="images/pigments_SML.jpg" alt="Powdered pigments and minerals"><div class="title">''Pigments''</div>
Pigments were made from different minerals and earthy materials, which would be crushed, washed, and ground into a fine powder. Finer grounds can produce richer, more saturated colors, so this process could take upwards of several hours. This powder is then mixed with glair (egg whites) to make tempera paint.
Certain colors might be used only for special purposes, usually rare or more expensive pigments. Lapis lazuli produces a deep blue, known as //ultramarine//, but the mineral would have to be imported from Afghanistan or central Asia and could be incredibly costly. Others, like flake white and vermillion, were made from dangerous minerals (lead and mercury, respectively). You can also [[learn more about pigment colors|Learn Pigment Colors]].
There are two different ways you can obtain the pigments:
*Buy raw materials from an apothecary and grind the pigments yourself
**This is the preferred method for many artists.
*Buy ground and prepared pigments directly from the Apothecary.
**This is the fastest method, but costs the most money.
[[return|Manuscript Game]]<div class="title">''Grouping the Pages''</div>
The organization of a medieval book is tricky to work out, as the page order and binding needs to be determined before decoration. Often, the parchment was prepared and cut into sheets which could be folded together. Three to five sheets of parchment are stacked and folded in half to form a //quire//, or gathering. In other instances, a large piece of parchment might be folded into quarters or eights, with the folds marking the edges of the page, but would remain uncut until after the book was bound.
The //quires// are then stacked on top of each other, with all pages in the correct order, and sewn together onto cords for support. After the sewing, the ends of the supports are laced through channels on thin sheets of wood, which form the cover boards of the book.
Finally, all of this is //cased// (covered) with leather or cloth, wrapped around the spine and covers.
(Curious to learn more about binding? See the <a href="https://travelingscriptorium.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/binding-booklet-2015.pdf">Yale Beineke Library's Guide to Medieval & Early Modern Manuscript Bookbinding</a>.
<<return>><div class="title">Adventures in Illuminating</div>
<img class="illo" src="images/noblewoman.png" alt="Manuscript detail of woman picking flowers">Your workshop has received a commission to illuminate a [[Book of Hours]] for a prominent noblewoman. She has seen an example of work from your artists, and asked them to produce a 96-page manuscript with 24 fully-illustrated and illuminated pages, 30 illustrated initials, and decorative borders. She will return in 300 days to collect the finished manuscript.
[[Continue|Start.2]]<img class="illo" src="images/lapis-cobalt123.jpg" alt="Pieces of lapis lazuli"><div class="title">''Pigment Colors''</div>
*''Red pigment'' was most commonly made from vermillion (cinnabar), but it could also be made from red lead and the shrub pterocarpus draco. Cinnabar is a form of mercury, and highly toxic, so contemporary artists use an alternative to this pigment..
*''Blue pigment'' was made from lapis lazuli, woad, azurite, and cobalt. Lapis lazuli arrived from Afghanistan via trade, and produced //ultramarine// blue, one of the most expensive and important pigments in painting.
*''White pigments,'' were commonly made from lead, or "flake white." Lead could also be heated to produce a yellow tone.
//''Less common pigments''//
*''Pink pigment'' was usually made from madder, or a mixture of vermillion and flake white.
*''Purple pigment'' was made from sea molluscs, while a more violet shade could be made from sunflower.
*''Green pigments'' were made from malachite or verdigris.
*''Yellow pigments'' were made from saffron or arsenic trisulphide.
How pigments were ground:
//Modified from Cennini's "The Craftsman's Handbook"://
“Upon a slab of porphyry, and with another stone of porphyry in your hand [...] take a portion of the black mineral (or of any other color) the size of a nut, and put it on this stone. And with the one which you hold in your hand, crush this black up thoroughly. Then take some clear water and grind this mineral for the space of half an hour, or an hour, or as long as you like, but know that if you were to work it up for a year then it would be so much blacker and better a color. Then get a thin wooden slice, three fingers broad, and with an edge like a knife, and scrape it over the slab and gather up this color neatly, and always keep it liquid, and not too dry. Then put it in a little jar, and put enough of aforesaid clear water in with it to fill up the jar, and keep it this way, covered from dust and all contamination.”
<<return>><div class="title">''Book of Hours''</div>
Books of Hours were popular devotional books in Europe during the Middle Ages for Christians. The content would vary by patron, but they usually contained a mix of texts. prayers, and psalms. The prayers were in eight sections and were meant to be recited in intervals throughout the 24 hours of the day, which was called the Hours of the Virgin. They were lavishly decorated with miniature paintings that showed the lives and stories of different saints, as well as Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary. Most Books of Hours usually contained: a calendar, The Hours of the Virgin, The Hours of the Cross, and The Suffrages of the Saints. Since no two were identical, there were differences in the decoration of the cover and on the pages.
<<return>><img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
The Rue Neuve Notre Dame is the hub of book production in your city. Here, you can collect the supplies and pay any artists for their work. You will need to collect parchment, pay a scribe, collect pigments, pay a binder, pay an illuminator and buy any additional materials and decorations.
You will need to first get [[Parchment]].
You can also re-review [[how to make a manuscript|Manuscript Game]].<img class="illo" src="images/parchment.jpg" alt="Example of animal skin parchment"><div class="title">Parchment</div>
Parchment can be acquired several ways in your city. You can ''make it yourself'' by processing untreated animal skins, or ''buy it ready-made.''
You decide to:
*Pay 5 livres for the materials and [[prepare it yourself|The Farm][$livres -= 5; $daysremaining -= 4]]
*Pay 15 livres and get pre-made parchment from [[The Parchmenter][$livres -= 15; $daysremaining -= 2; $numParchment to 1]]
<img class="illo" src="images/farm.jpg" alt="View of a medieval farm"><div class="title">''The Farm''</div>
You have chosen to make the parchment yourself, and visit a local farm to obtain the materials.
You purchase the skin from a baby calf from the farmer, who also offers to sell you lime to prepare the skin. You pay him an additional 2 livres for the lime solution, and for the use of the farm's equipment.
[[Continue|Lime Solution][$livres -= 2; $daysremaining -= 1]] <div class="title">''The Parchmenter''</div>
You have decided to pay the 15 livres to buy vellum from the Parchmenter. This ensures you have identically-sized and consistently even pages. You will not need to take any extra steps.
''Parchment has been added to your inventory.''
[[Take a Break][$daysremaining -= 3]] or [[Stationers Row|SRow1][$daysremaining -= 1]]<img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
You have $livres livres and $daysremaining days remaining for this commission. Here is what still needs to be done:
* Hire a [[Scribe]]
* Collect [[Pigments]]
* Hire a [[Binder]]
* Hire an [[Illuminator]]
* Buy any additional [[Materials and Decorations|additional]]<div class="title">''Preparing the skins''</div>
After purchasing the lime solution from the farmer, you add it to water and place it with the skin inside a vat.
You leave the skins to soak [[and come back in three days' time|Come Back in 3 Days][$daysremaining -= 3]] to finish the process.<div class="title">''Three days later...''</div>
The skin is still in need of more treatment. You next scrape it to remove any remaining hair and debris, then stretch it out on frames to bleach the vellum.
You will need to continue to adjust the tension and scrape the skin to ensure it remains unwrinkled and a consistent, even thickness.
This is a tedious process. You decide to:
*[[Come Back in 5 Days][$daysremaining -= 5]] to check on the skins
*[[Come back everyday for 1 week|Come Back Everyday][$daysremaining -= 7]] to check on the skins.<div class="title">''Five days later...''</div>
You have left the skins alone for too long, and they have gone loose on the stretcher. They have also dried out, leaving an unpleasant and cracked surface
You can [[return to the farmer|The Farm]] to start this process again, or [[head to the Parchmenter|The Parchmenter]] to buy the prepared, cut parchment.<div class="title">''Good Returns''</div>
You return every day for seven days, tightening and scraping the vellum each day. Your hard work serves you well! The vellum is an even thickness, and has bleached to a fine light color. Little hair or debris is on the surface. This will make an excellent page for the paintings.
The parchment will now need to be [[cut into sheets|Create the Pages][$daysremaining -= 1]].
<<set $randomnumber to random(1,6)>><div class="title">''Making the Parchment''</div>
Now that the skins are prepared, you can cut them into sheets for the artists to work on.
It is important that these pages remain flat and are not yet folded, as the scribe or binder will need to fold the pages later.
<<if $randomnumber lte 4>>[[Proceed to cut the skins|Cut Evenly][$daysremaining -= 1; $numParchment to 1]]<<else>>[[Proceed to cut the skins|Cut Lopsided][$daysremaining -= 1]]<</if>><div class="title">''A Steady Hand...''</div>
Your hand is steady and true! You cut the skins carefully and evenly, providing you with equal sizes sheets of parchment for the scribes.
''Parchment has been added to your inventory.''
You return to [[Stationers Row|SRow1][$daysremaining -= 1]].<div class="title">''Cut Lopsided''</div>
While trimming the parchment, your hand slippped and you cut the pages into lopsided squares. These will not be usable for this book, but maybe they can be salvaged as scraps and patches for other books.
You can [[start the process again|The Farm][$livres -= 5; $daysremaining -= 1]], or decide to purchase prepared parchment for 15 livres from [[Stationers Row|The Parchmenter][$livres -=15; $daysremaining -= 3]].<img class="illo" src="images/breaktime.jpg" alt="View of a medieval building and trees"><div class="title">''Take a Break''</div>
Rest is important, and helps keep you focused! You have spent a few days off collecting items for the manuscript, and are ready to continue your work.
You return to [[Stationers Row|SRow1]].
<img class="illo" src="images/scriptorium.jpg" alt="Plaque showing four figures (four evangelists) working on manuscript production"><div class="title">''The Scribe''</div>
The scribes specialize in ''writing'' the text of manuscripts. Scribes work in close communication with the illuminators and binders of manuscripts in order to plan the layout of pages, images, and text. (Some scribes are also artists, but they have started to divide duties as demand grows for more books.)
You [[pay the scribe|Pay the Scribe][$daysremaining -= 1; $livres -= 25; $numManuscriptPages to 1; $numParchment to 0]] 25 livres to begin writing the text of the manuscript.
<img class="illo" src="images/pigments_SML.jpg" alt="Powdered and mineral pigments"><div class="title">''Pigments''</div>
Before an illuminator can begin to paint a manuscript, they will need //pigments//--powdered, colorful minerals. Your workshop is known for its use of fine ultramarine blues, and the artists generally prefer to prepare the mix themselves.
There are two different ways you can get pigment:
*Through [[Trade][$daysremaining -= 3]], you can acquire raw minerals and grind them yourself (3 days)
* Visit the [[Apothecary][$daysremaining -= 1]] to buy prepared pigments (1 day)<div class="title">''Binder''</div>
You can not proceed with this action at this time due to not having a completed manuscript to bind together.
<<return>><div class="title">''Illuminator''</div>
<<if visited("Scribe")>>The illuminator cannot begin their work until you have gathered more materials.<<else>>The illuminator cannot begin their work until you have visited the scribe.<</if>>
<<return "Return to Stationers Row">><div class="title">''Pay the Scribe''</div>
While you are in the scribe's workshop, one of the apprentices mentions that there has been difficulty in getting new supplies of ink, and that it might be a few weeks until their next batch is ready.
You can:
*Offer to [[make new ink|Make New Ink][$daysremaining -= 3]] for them
*Ask them to [[use what they have on hand|Use What They Have][$daysremaining -= 7]]
<img class="illo" src="images/oak_galls.jpg"><div class="title">''Making New Ink''</div>
The scribes graciously accept your offer to make new ink. This is a lengthy process, but it is a good chance for you to demonstrate your skills in crafting materials!
<<if visited("The Farm")>>You head back towards the farm, where you noticed a wasp's nest on your last visit.<<else>>You head towards the farm at the edge of town, where you remember seeing a wasp's nest on a prior visit.<</if>> In an old oak tree, you find that gall wasps have laid their eggs in the fruit buds.
[[Continue|Come Back in a Few Days][$daysremaining -= 7]]<div class="title">''On second thought...''</div>
You decided not to offer to make new ink for the scribes, and return to your workshop.
After working on the manuscript for a week, the scribes inform you that they have run out of the particular ink your workshop uses. It will be another week before more is available from the stationer.
To help keep everything on schedule, you offer to [[make new ink|Make New Ink]].<img src="images/ink_jar.jpg" class="illo"> After some delicate maneuvering, you manage to collect a basketful of (hatched) galls. You bring these back to your workshop, grind them into a powder, and begin to boil them with water. For two hours you stir this mixture, adding a little water to keep the ink from burning. While this cools, you mix some gum arabic and vitriol with water, which will help the ink adhere to the page. Finally, you filter the gall sediment from the ink, and add to it the binding mixture.
It will be another several days before the ink fully develops the rich black color needed for the manuscripts.
Once it is ready, you [[return to the scriptorium|Return a Few Weeks Later][$daysremaining -= 3]].<img class="illo" src="images/Walters_W148_f1v_sm.jpg" alt="Detail from a manuscript showing ruled lines and underdrawings">
You return to the Scribe and provide them with five fresh bottles of black ink. In the time since you left, they have ruled out the lines of the manuscript and marked the placement of the images.
The scribe instructs you to return to the scriptorium in six weeks' time to collect the written pages.
[[Continue|Collect Manuscript][$daysremaining -= 42]]<img src="images/copyedit.jpg" class="illo"><div class="title">''Checking it Twice...''</div>
Copyediting is an important element of creating the manuscript. While the scribes check their work, you were able to catch a few additional errors.
For larger mistakes, the scribes might scrape the ink from the page using a penknife and write the corrections; in this case, they simply strike out the incorrect word.
<<if $numPigments is 0>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow2][$daysremaining -= 1]] to continue.<<elseif $numPigments is 1>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow3][$daysremaining -= 1]] to continue.<</if>><div class="title">''An Error''</div>
Three days later you realized that there were a few major errors in the manuscript! You will need to [[bring it back to the scribe|Proofread][$daysremaining -= 3]].<img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
You have $livres livres and $daysremaining days remaining. Here is what needs to be done:
*<<if $numParchment is 1 and $numManuscriptPages is 0>>Hire a [[Scribe]]<<elseif $numManuscriptPages is 1>>You have already visited the scribe.<</if>>
*<<if $numManuscriptPages is 1 and $numPigments is 1>>Find someone to [[Add Illumination]]<<else>>Find someone to [[add illumination|Illuminator]]<</if>>
*<<if $numPigments is 0>>Collect [[Pigments]]<<else>>You have already collected pigments.<</if>>
* Hire a [[Binder]]
<img class="illo" src="images/lapis-cobalt123.jpg" alt="Lapis lazuli minerals"><div class="title">''Trade''</div>
On Rue Neuve Notre Dame there are many different people trading items for a living. You do not have much to offer besides money, but after a few days you are able to find someone that is willing to trade lapis lazuli, cinnabar, and a little lead for 8 livres.
It will take you another few days' work to grind these minerals into a fine powder.
* You decide to [[pay 8 livres for the minerals|Pay for Items][$daysremaining -= 3; $livres -= 8; $numPigments to 1]] and prepare the pigments yourself.
You can also find another way to [[acquire pigments|Pigments]].<img src="images/lapis-cobalt123.jpg" class="illo"><div class="title">''Apothecary''</div>
In order to save the time it would take you to mix the pigments by hand, you can choose to buy them from the Apothecary.
The Apothecary can provide you with three jars of red and white pigment each, but has only a single jar of blue. This is the finest and most expensive color, and rare to find--it only arrived recently via merchants from Badakhshan.
You decide to [[pay the Apothecary 20 livres|Pay Apothecary][$livres -= 20; $numPigments to 1]]
You can also find another way to [[acquire pigments|Pigments]]. <img src="images/lapis-cobalt123.jpg" class="illo"><div class="title">''Pay for Items''</div>
You now have lapis lazuli, cinnabar, and lead to make into pigments for painting the manuscript.
You spend another day breaking the minerals down and grinding them on hard stones until they are a fine powder. The lead is already in small flakes, which break down easily. You mix these with a little water in a jar and leave them to settle, which helps separate dirt and debris from the mineral. You repeat this washing process a few times, then leave the jar of pigment to dry out. The illuminators will eventually mix the powder with a binder to paint the manuscript.
''Pigments have been added to your inventory.''
<<if $numParchment is 1>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow2]]<<elseif $numManuscriptPages is 1>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow3]]<<elseif $numIlluminatedPages is 1>>
[[Continue|Paint Illuminated Manuscript]]<</if>>You will first need the script to be written by the scribe and have the illuminator add the illumination before you are able to complete this action.
Return to Stationers Row
Inventory - Parchment and Pigments
<div class="title">''Pay Apothecary''</div>
To save time and effort, you decide to buy prepared pigments in ultramarine blue, vermillion red, and flake white.
''Pigments have been added to your inventory.''
<<if $numParchment is 1>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow2]]<<elseif $numManuscriptPages is 1>>Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow3]]<<elseif $numIlluminatedPages is 1>>[[You now have enough materials for the illuminator to begin painting the manuscript.|Paint Illuminated Manuscript]]<</if>><div class="title">''Hire the Illuminator''</div>
The illuminator's work will take most of the remaining time for this commission. Several artists or apprentices will work on different elements of the manuscript, though the most important paintings and scenes will probably be created by the master of the workshop.
[[You provide 35 livres to the illuminators|Pay Illuminator][$livres -= 35; $daysremaining -= 1]].<div class="title">''Gilding the Pages''</div>
Before the artists can begin to paint parts of the manuscript, any areas receiving ''gilding'' must be finished first.
The //libraire// asks you to visit the [[Craftsman’s Shop][$daysremaining -= 1]] on Stationers Row to acquire the thin sheets of metal leaf to apply to the manuscript.<img class="illo" src="images/goldleaf_mma.jpg" alt="Example of a sheet of gold leaf"><div class="title">''Craftsman’s Shop''</div>
The Craftsman specializes in goldbeating, but can also provide you with silver leaf. It is less luxurious, and not as appropriate for certain pictures, but can provide a shining (and less costly) contrast to the gold.
You decide to:
*Buy [[Gold Leaf][$livres -= 8; $daysremaining -= 7; $numIlluminatedPages to 1]] for 8 livres
*Buy [[Tin Leaf][$livres -= 5; $daysremaining -= 7; $numIlluminatedPages to 1]] for 5 livres
*Buy [[Both][$livres -= 13; $daysremaining -= 7; $numIlluminatedPages to 1]] for 13 livres<div class="title">''Adding Gold Leaf''</div>
You return to your workshop with the gold leaf.
Before applying the leaf, the illuminator will first paint those parts of the manuscript with an adhesive like garlic juice, bole (red clay), or gum arabic. The gold leaf is laid on top of these areas and gently //burnished//, or polished to a shine.
For gilded letters, the illuminator mixes a little powdered gold with adhesive and paints it directly onto the parchment.
''Illuminated Pages have been added to your inventory.''
<<if $numPigments is 0>>Go to [[Stationers Row|SRow3][$daysremaining -= 1]]<<else>>[[Continue|Paint Illuminated Manuscript][$daysremaining -= 30; $numPigments to 0]]<</if>><div class="title">''Adding Tin Leaf''</div>
You return to your workshop with the tin leaf.
Before applying the leaf, the illuminator will first paint those parts of the manuscript with an adhesive like garlic juice, bole (red clay), or gum arabic. The tin is laid on top of these areas and gently //burnished//, or polished to a shine.
''Illuminated Pages have been added to your inventory.''
<<if $numPigments is 0>>Go to [[Stationers Row|SRow3][$daysremaining -= 1]]<<else>>[[Continue|Paint Illuminated Manuscript][$daysremaining -= 30; $numPigments to 0]]<</if>><div class="title">''Adding both Gold and Tin Leaf''</div>
You return to your workshop with the gold and tin leaf.
Before applying the gilding, the illuminator will first paint those parts of the manuscript with an adhesive like garlic juice, bole (red clay), or gum arabic. The gold or tin leaf is laid on top of these areas and gently //burnished//, or polished to a shine.
For gilded letters, the illuminator mixes a little powdered gold with adhesive and paints it directly onto the parchment.
''Illuminated Pages have been added to your inventory.''
<<if $numPigments is 0>>Go to [[Stationers Row|SRow3][$daysremaining -= 1]]<<else>>[[Continue|Paint Illuminated Manuscript][$daysremaining -= 30; $numPigments to 0]]<</if>><img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
You have $livres livres and $daysremaining days remaining. Here is what still needs to be done:
*<<if $numParchment is 1 and $numManuscriptPages is 0>>Hire a scribe<<else>>You have already hired the Scribe.<</if>>
*<<if $numPigments is 0>>Collect [[Pigments]]<<else>>You have already added pigments.<</if>>
*<<if $numManuscriptPages is 1 and $numPigments is 1>>Find someone to [[Add Illumination]]<<else>>Find someone to [[add illumination|Illuminator]]<</if>>
* Hire a [[Binder]]<img class="illo" src="images/W37_f108r.jpg" alt="Detail from an illuminated manuscript showing text, gilded letters, and a margin drawing of a chicken"><div class="title">''Painting the Manuscript''</div>
Once the illumination is complete, the artists can begin to paint the scenes of the manuscript. This will take at least three months' time.
In addition to the full-page illustrations for this Book of Hours, the patron has requested many smaller paintings--inhabited capitals (letters) and decorated borders, but also illustrations of animals and mythical creatures to fill the margins.
Apprentices are tasked with some of these smaller details, including the border decorations. You watch as they work with the pigments you have provided, mixing the powder with a little egg white or gum arabic. Maybe soon you will be able to join them at the workbench.
''Painted, Illuminated Pages have been added to your Inventory.''
Return to [[Stationers Row|SRow4][$daysremaining -= 100]] <img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
The artists have completed their work, and the decoration of the manuscript is final.
You have $livres livres and $daysremaining days remaining before the patron returns to view the commission. The pages still need to be bound together, and you will be able to add further embellishments to the cover at that time.
[[Proceed to the Bindery|Bound]].<div class="title">''Hiring the Binder''</div>
While the bindery is housed separately from your workshop, the //libraire// is also responsible for its operation and management.
The binder specializes in creating sturdy bindings for textbooks, popular with students at the local university, but also produces high-quality luxury bindings for patrons who can pay more. They are responsible for arranging the final pages of the manuscript in proper order, and binding them with the materials and decorations of the patron's choosing.
This is precise work, requiring attention to detail and a steady hand. Good binding will last for decades (maybe even centuries...), but poor binding can cause the book to break when being read.
<<if $livres gte 20>>[[You provide 12 livres to the binder to contract their services|PAID Binder][$daysremaining -= 7; $livres -= 12]]<<else>>Because you only have $livres livres remaining, you cannot afford a traditional leather binding. [[The binder offers to create a cheaper, vellum-covered limp binding instead|Limp Binding][$daysremaining -= 5; $livres -= 12; $Limp to 1]].<</if>>''Pay Binder''
The binder has now been paid. Do you want him to group the pages of the Book of Hours in
(set: $daysremaining to $daysremaining - 7)
(set: $livres to $livres - 12)''Gatherings''
These groups are placed into proper order and sewn together onto cords for support. After the sewing the ends of the supports were then laced through channels that were carved into wooden boards.
''Quaternion''
These groups are placed into proper order and sewn together onto cords for support. After the sewing the ends of the supports were then laced through channels that were carved into wooden boards.<div class="title">''Leather''</div>
The binder has run out of leather! You will need to [[Purchase it from the Tannery][$daysremaining -= 7; $livres -= 8; $Leather to 1; $BoundBook to 1]] for 8 livres.
<<return "Go Back">><<if $livres lt 0>><<set $livres to 0>><</if>><img class="illo" src="images/binding.jpg" alt="Example of historic binding with sewing supports, endbands, and paper spine lining"><div class="title">''Binding the Manuscript''</div>
The binder begins to organize the pages of the manuscript into //quires// (or 'gatherings'). Each quire is comprised of four sheets of parchment, stacked and folded in half to form 8 leaves (making 16 pages). These were folded earlier by the scribe, as they were determining the page order and grouping of the manuscript.
Once the //quires// are stacked in the correct order, the binder sews them together onto cords for support. These are attached to a leather or vellum cover which protects the book's pages and covers the spine, but does not have the (often very heavy) cover boards to create a rigid manuscript.
''Bound Book of Hours has been added to your inventory.''
Limp bindings cannot receive additional decoration. You can now [[return to the workshop to present the finished manuscript|Present Finished Copy]].You purchase the leather from the Tannery, and the binder finishes covering the manuscript.
''Bound Book of Hours have been added to your Inventory.''
You can now return to [[Stationers Row|SRow5][$daysremaining -= 1]] to buy items to embellish the binding.
<img class="illo" src="images/stationers_row.jpg" alt="Medieval street"><div class="title">''Stationers Row''</div>
<<if $daysremaining lt 2>>Unfortunately, you do not have enough time to add materials and decorations before the patron returns.
[[You can now return to your workshop to present the final manuscript to the patron.|Present Finished Copy]].<<elseif $livres lt 2>>Unfortunately, you do not have enough livres remaining to add more materials or decorations. [[You can now return to your workshop to present the final manuscript to the patron.|Present Finished Copy]].<<else>>You have $livres livres remaining and $daysremaining days left to [[add any additional decorations|Materials and Decorations]] to the manuscript.
If you do not want to add any embellishments, you can [[return to your workshop to present the final manuscript to the patron|Present Finished Copy]].<</if>><div class="title">''Decorating the Binding''</div>
<<if $daysremaining lt 2>>Unfortunately, you do not have enough time to add materials and decorations before the patron returns.
[[You can now return to your workshop to present the final manuscript to the patron.|Present Finished Copy]].<<elseif $livres lt 2>>Unfortunately, you do not have enough livres remaining to add more materials or decorations.
[[You can now return to your workshop to present the final manuscript to the patron.|Present Finished Copy]].<<else>>You now have several options to decorate the binding of the book.
You can:
*Explore what materials are available through [[trade|The Trade][$daysremaining -= 1]]
*Buy metals from the [[Craftsman][$daysremaining -= 1]]
*Commission [[Embroidery][$daysremaining -= 1]] from the spinner<</if>>
When you are finished, you can [[return to your workshop to present the manuscript to the patron|Present Finished Copy]].<div class="title">Acquire Materials through Trade</div>
While wandering the Rue Nueve Notre Dame, you encounter two travelers who have materials that would make fine decoration for the manuscript.
*[[Talk to the first traveller|Ivory]]
*[[Talk to the second traveller|Precious Gems]]
You can also [[look for other materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]], or [[return to your workshop|Present Finished Copy]] to present the finished manuscript.<div class="title">''Craftsman''</div>
<<if $Metal is 1>>You have already added metal to the manuscript.<<elseif $daysremaining lt 5>>The craftsman specializes in producing tooled and embossed metalwork panels. Unfortunately, you do not have enough time to add this.<<elseif $livres lt 2>>The craftsman specializes in producing tooled and embossed metalwork panels. Unfortunately, you do not have enough livres remaining to add this.<<else>>The craftsman specializes in producing tooled and embossed metalwork, and offers to create a panel for 2 livres. It will take him 5 days to produce, and the binder 2 days to add this to the cover.
*[[Purchase Metal][$daysremaining -= 5; $livres -= 2; $Metal to 1]] for 2 livres<</if>>
You can also look for other [[materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]], or [[return to your workshop|Present Finished Copy]] to present the finished manuscript.<div class="title">''Embroidery''</div>
<<if $Embroidered is 1>>You have already added the embroidery.<<elseif $daysremaining lt 10>>You do not have enough time left to commission embroidery.<<elseif $livres lt 5>>You do not have enough money to commission embroidery.<<else>>You can [[Commission an Embroidery][$daysremaining -= 10; $livres -= 5; $Embroidered to 1]] for 5 livres. It will take 10 days to finish.<</if>>
You can also look for other [[materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]], or [[return to your workshop|Present Finished Copy]] to present the finished manuscript.<div class="title">''Ivory''</div>
<<if $Ivory is 1>>You have already purchased the ivory panel from this merchant.<<elseif $daysremaining lt 2>>A merchant shows you a beautifully-carved ivory panel. Unfortunately, you do not have enough time left to add this embellishment.<<elseif $livres lt 4>>A merchant shows you a beautifully-carved ivory panel. Unfortunately, you do not have enough money to add this.<<else>>You find a merchant who has a carved panel of ivory, removed from a manuscript that was sold by a German visitor to the town. He offers it to you for 4 livres, and it will take the binder 2 days to add this to the cover.
*[[Purchase the ivory panel|Purchase the Ivory][$livres -= 4; $daysremaining -= 2; $Ivory to 1]] for 4 livres<</if>>
You can also look for [[other materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]], or [[return to your workshop|Present Finished Copy]] to present the finished manuscript.
<div class="title">''Gemstones''</div>
<<if $Gems is 1>>You have already purchased the gems.>><<elseif $daysremaining lt 2>>An itinerant jeweler mentions that he has some semiprecious gems; unfortunately, you do not have enough time to add this embellishment.<<elseif $livres lt 3>>An itinerant jeweler mtions that he has some semiprecioud gemstones for sale; unfortunately, you do not have enough money to purchase these.<<else>>You can You find an itinerant jeweler who is willing you sell you semi-precious gemstones for 3 livres. These will take 2 days for the binder to add to the cover.
*[[Purchase the Gems][$daysremaining -= 2; $Gems to 1; $livres -= 3]] for 3 livres<</if>>
You can also look for other [[materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]], or [[return to your workshop|Present Finished Copy]] to present the finished manuscript.<div class="title">''Purchase the Ivory''</div>
You purchase the ivory panel, and bring it to the binder to add to the cover.
You can:
*Purchase other [[materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]] with your remaining $livres livres
*Return to your workshop to [[present the finished copy of the manuscript|Present Finished Copy]]
<div class="title">''Purchase the Gems''</div>
You purchase the semiprecious gemstones, and ask the binder to add them to the manuscript cover.
You can:
*Purchase other [[materials and decorations|Materials and Decorations]] with your remaining $livres livres
*Return to your workshop to [[present the finished copy of the manuscript|Present Finished Copy]]
<div class="title">''Purchase Metal''</div>
The craftsman produces an elaborately-tooled metal panel, and the binder adds it to the cover of the manuscript.
You can:
*Purchase other [[Materials and Decorations]] with your remaining $livres livres
*Return to your workshop to [[present the finished copy of the manuscript|Present Finished Copy]]
<div class="title">''Commission an Embroidery''</div>
The spinner created an embroidered panel for the cover of your manuscript.
You can:
*Purchase other [[Materials and Decorations]] with your remaining $livres livres
*Return to your workshop to [[present the finished copy of the manuscript|Present Finished Copy]]
<div class="title">''Collecting the Manuscript''</div>
The patron is absolutely overjoyed with the fine craftsmanship of the manuscript, and especially with the many little figures that fill its pages. <<if $daysremaining lt 0>>However, you were <<print (0 - $daysremaining)>>days behind schedule. The patron was quite anxious to see their book. It may take you a little longer yet to advance as an apprentice...>><<elseif $livres lt 0 and $daysremaining gt 1>>However, you went over your budget, costing your workshop some precious funds.
It may take you a little more time to advance as an apprentice.<<elseif $daysremaining lt 0 and $livres lt 0>>However, you went over your budget and were late in returning the manuscript. The patron and //libraire// were displeased with the delay. It seems like it will take you much longer to advance as an apprentice.<<elseif $Limp is 1>>However, the patron is surprised by the low quality of the binding. While the binder has done a fine job in gathering and sewing the book together, the floppy vellum covers are unrefined, and look more like a student's textbook. She wonders why her livres could not have afforded a better finish, and if funds were poorly managed when procuring the materials.
The //libraire// gives you a sharp look. You are going to have to have a discussion about budgets, and learning to make your own materials rather than spending too much of your patron's coin on ready-made materials.
It may take a little longer than hoped for you to advance as an apprentice.<<else>>The //libraire//, for her part, is pleased with how well you managed each task and your contributions to the manuscript. You ensured the manuscript was finished on time and within the budget, helping to maintain your workshop's reputation. Based on this, you should soon advance in status and find your place as an apprentice!<</if>>
<a href="https://illuminated.samanthalvhaas.com/">Click Here</a> to learn more about illuminated manuscripts.
[[Credits]]<div class="title">''Inventory''</div>
<<if not hasVisited("Stationers Row")>>You do not have any materials yet. <<elseif $numPigments is 1>>*You have lapis lazuli, cinnabar, and flake white pigments for painting.<<elseif $numPigments is 0>>*You do not have any pigments yet.<</if>>
<<if $numParchment is 1>>*You have parchment for the scribe.<<elseif $numManuscriptPages is 1>>*You have manuscript pages written by the scribe, ready for illumination.<<elseif $numIlluminatedPages is 1>>*You have written, decorated pages ready for binding.<</if>>
<img class="illo" src="images/Walters_W934_tooling_sm.jpg" alt="Tooled (carved) leather cover of a manuscript"><div class="title">''Binding''</div>
Most manuscript books would be covered in leather, which provides protection and stability to the book. Cloth bindings are less commonly found, and do not tend to survive as long. Leather covers can be decorated with ivory inset panels, metals, tooling (carving into the leather), and precious stones. There are also some remaining, early examples of elaborately-embroidered cloth (linen) book covers.
(Curious to learn more about binding? See the <a href="https://travelingscriptorium.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/binding-booklet-2015.pdf">Yale Beineke Library's Guide to Bookbindings</a>
<<return>>
<div class="title">''Materials and Decorations''</div>
You can not proceed with this action at this time due to not having a completed bound manuscript.
<<return>><div class="title">''Credits and Sources''</div>
*Alexander, Jonathan J.G. //Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work.// New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
*Calkins, Robert G. "Distribution of Labor: the Illuminators of the Hours of Catherine of Cleves and Their Workshop," //Transactions of the American Philosophical Society// 69(5), 1979, 1-83.
*Cennini, Cennino. //The Craftsman's Handbook//. Translated by Daniel V. Thompson. New York: Dover, 1954.
*De Hamel, Christophe. //A History of Illuminated Manuscripts.// London: Phaidon Press, 1997.
*Doyle, Kathleen and Lovett, Patricia. "How to Make a Medieval Manuscript." British Library. https://www.bl.uk/medieval-english-french-manuscripts/articles/how-to-make-a-medieval-manuscript
*J. Paul Getty Museum. "The Making of a Medieval Book." Getty Museum. https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/making/.
*Mark, Joshua J. "Illuminated Manuscripts." Ancient History Encyclopedia, https://www.ancient.eu/Illuminated_Manuscripts/.
*Kwakkel, Erik. "Making books for profit in medieval times." //Smarthistory,// 8 August 2015. https://smarthistory.org/making-books-for-profit-in-medieval-times/.
*National Gallery of Art. "Illuminated Manuscripts." National Gallery of Art (US). https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html
*Reissland, Birgit and Ligterink, Frank. "The Iron Gall Ink Website." Rijkdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed / the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. https://irongallink.org/.
*Ross, Nancy. "Medieval Manuscripts." Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/beginners-guide-to-medieval-europe/manuscripts/a/medieval-manuscripts
*"Scribes and Pigments." Online Exhibits @ Yale, Yale University * Libraries. https://exhibits.library.yale.edu/exhibits/show/making-the-english-ms/scribes-and-pigments
*Snell, Melissa. "The Learning Years of Medieval Childhood." ThoughtCo, 25 August 2020. https://www.thoughtco.com/medieval-child-the-learning-years-1789122
*Theophilus. //De Diversis Artibus (The Various Arts)//. Translated by C. R. Dodwell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
''Image Sources''
*Manuscript details: <a href="https://manuscripts.thewalters.org/viewer.php?id=W.37#page/1/mode/2up">From the "Book of Hours (Use of Liège)" W37</a>, ca. 1300-1310, The Walters Art Museum / Walters Ex Libris
*Corrected text: From the <a href="http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/253400/unknown-maker-abbey-bible-italian-about-1250-1262/">//Abbey Bible//</a>, Ms. 107 folio 86v, 1250-1262, J. Paul Getty Museum.
*Scriptorium Panel: “The Four Evangelists” plaque, Germany, 11th c. (Now in the Victoria and Albert Museum), sourced via <a href="https://medievalfragments.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/writing-the-word-images-of-the-medieval-scribe-at-work/">Medieval Fragments</a>
*Embroidered cover: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felbrigge_Psalter#/media/File:Felbrigge.jpg ">image from a Victorian book illustration, after the Felbrigge Psalter, from //English Embroidered Bookbindings,// by Cyril James Humphries Daventport, 1899</a>.
*Binding detail: "Spine of a parchment binding showing sewing supports, endbands and paper spine lining" by Provenance Online Project, used under CC0 1.0
*Farm: "Énencourt-le-Sec (Oise)" by sybarite48 is licensed under CC BY 2.0
*Oak galls: "oak gall" by Johnson Cameraface is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
*Ink jar: "ink jar and quills" by studentofrhythm is licensed under CC BY 2.0
*Take a break: "Villentrois (Indre)" by sybarite48 is licensed under CC BY 2.0
*Image of street: "Peillon Street" by Mark Fischer is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
*Parchment: "Parchment" by xeophin is licensed under CC BY 2.0
*Gold leaf: “Frontlet of gold leaf,” from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Greek and Roman Galleries, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76 (CC 0)
*Pigments: "From Minerals to Pigments / 20100316.7D.04571.P1 / SML" by See-ming Lee (SML) is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
*Lapis Lazuli: "Lapis Lazuli, Cobalt Blue Specimen" by cobalt123 is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 <img class="illo" src="images/binding.jpg" alt="Example of historic binding with sewing supports, endbands, and paper spine lining"><div class="title">''Binding the Manuscript''</div>
The binder begins to organize the pages of the manuscript into //quires// (or 'gatherings'). Each quire is comprised of four sheets of parchment, stacked and folded in half to form 8 leaves (making 16 pages). These were folded earlier by the scribe, as they were determining the page order and grouping of the manuscript.
Once the //quires// are stacked in the correct order, the binder sews them together onto cords for support. The ends of these cords are later attached to ''cover boards'' (thin boards of wood) that support and protect the pages of the manuscript.
Alternately, you can request a //limp binding//, where the vellum or leather covers are not attached to boards. While lighter weight and less costly, this offers less protection to the text and is not common for more luxurious books. These bindings are not decorated.
Would you like to bind the manuscript in [[Leather][$daysremaining -= 1]] for 8 livres, or [[a limp vellum binding|Limp Binding][$daysremaining -= 7; $livres -= 3; $Limp to 1]] for 3 livres?/* This part shows how you can add items to your inventory */
<<set $numQuills to 3>>
<<set $numBlackInk to 2>>
<<set $numParchment to 0>>
<<set $numPigments to 0>>
<<set $numManuscriptPages to 0>>
<<set $daysremaining to 300>>
<<set $Metal to 0>>
<<set $Gems to 0>>
<<set $Ivory to 0>>
<<set $Embroidered to 0>>
<<set $Leather to 0>>
<<set $Limp to 0>>
/*This part sets your initial money. Feel free to change it!*/
<<set $livres to 125>>Coins remaining: $livres livres
Days remaining: $daysremaining
<div class="inv">[[Inventory]]</div>
<div class="small">Learn more about medieval illuminated manuscripts at <a href="https://illuminated.samanthalvhaas.com/">//Adventures in Illuminating//</a></div><img class="illo" src="images/W37_f27v_initial.gif">As a novice, your duty is to assist with the production and supply of materials coming into the workshop. The //libraire//, your workshop director, sets the course of your training and is responsible for the management of
Depending on how well you do this, you may be given greater responsibilities and more opportunities to contribute to the workshop, and move from a novice to a higher-level apprentice.
[[Continue|Start.3]]The //libraire// has given you ''125 livres''. You will need to acquire materials and pay other craftspersons with this money, so be mindful of your budget!
You will be able to purchase ready-made materials or raw elements to make your own.
Go to [[Stationers Row]] to begin.<<if $Leather is 1 and $Limp is 0 and $Ivory is 0 and $Metal is 0 and $Gems is 0 and $Embroidered is 0>>Your manuscript is bound in leather, with a simple tooled (carved) decoration on the cover.<<elseif $Limp is 1>>Your manuscript has only a simple, limp vellum binding, unsupported by cover boards. It is lightweight and easy to transport, but perhaps a little humble for a noblewoman's prayer book.<<elseif $Embroidered is 1 or $Ivory is 1 or $Metal is 1 or $Gems is 1>>Your manuscript is decorated with <<if $Ivory is 1>>a carved ivory panel, <</if>><<if $Metal is 1>>gilding and metal embellishments, <</if>><<if $Embroidered is 1>>a delicately embroidered panel, <</if>><<if $Gems is 1>>precious gemstones, and bound in leather.<</if>><</if>><img class="manuscript" src="images/Walters_W8_cover_sm.jpg" alt="Manuscript cover with gemstones, ivory, and metal tooling">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present the manuscript to the patron|Pick Up]]<img class="manuscript" src="images/Walters_W39_cover_ivory.jpg" alt="Manuscript cover with ivory panel and metal clasps">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present the manuscript to the patron|Pick Up]]<img class="manuscript" src="images/Walters_W540_cover_gemstones.jpg" alt="Manuscript cover with gemstones and metal tooling">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present the manuscript to the patron|Pick Up]]<img class="manuscript" src="images/Walters_W934_tooling_sm.jpg" alt="Manuscript binding with leather tooling">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present it to the patron|Pick Up]]<img class="manuscript" src="images/embroidered.jpg" alt="Manuscript cover with embroidery">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present the manuscript to the patron|Pick Up]]<div class="title">Collecting the Manuscript</div>
A month and a half later, the scribe has finished writing the text of the Book of Hours--96 total pages. You can now bring these back to your workshop to start the painting and gilding.
''Manuscript Pages have been added to your inventory.''
You decide to:
*[[Proofread][$daysremaining -= 3]] the manuscript before you leave
* Continue on to [[collect your other materials|Get Materials][$daysremaining -= 3]]<div class="title">''Present Finished Copy''</div>
You return to your workshop with the completed Book of Hours. After months of overseeing the creation and design process, it is now time for the patron to view the finished work.
The patron arrives at the workshop, and the //libraire// places a wrapped parcel before her on the worktable.
<<if $Limp is 1>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Limp]]
<<elseif $Embroidered is 1>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Embroidered]]
<<elseif $Gems is 1 and $Metal is 1 and $Ivory is 1>>*[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.IvoryGemsMetal]]<<elseif $Gems is 1 and $Metal is 1 and $Ivory is 0>>*[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.GemsMetal]]<<elseif $Gems is 1 and $Metal is 0 and $Ivory is 1>>*[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.IvoryGemsMetal]]
<<elseif $Gems is 1 and $Metal is 0 and $Ivory is 0>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.GemsMetal]]
<<elseif $Gems is 0 and $Metal is 1 and $Ivory is 1>>*[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Ivory]]
<<elseif $Gems is 0 and $Metal is 0 and $Ivory is 1>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Ivory]]
<<elseif $Gems is 0 and $Metal is 1 and $Ivory is 0>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Ivory]]
<<elseif $Gems is 0 and $Metal is 0 and $Ivory is 0 and $Leather is 1>>[[The patron pulls the wrapping aside to reveal the manuscript...|Finished.Leather]]<</if>><img class="manuscript" src="images/limp_binding.jpg" alt="Limp manuscript binding with vellum covers">
<<include "Finished Manuscript">>
[[Continue to present the manuscript to the patron|Pick Up]]