Welcome to Tudor England! Are you ready to begin your adventure? Choose a adventure type?
* [[Choose Your Own Adventure Story|CYOA]]
* [[Representative Character Story]]
* [[Follow Your Interests Story]]
* [[Side-Glancing Story]]
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(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:red))This type of storyline is meant to help us think about causality and contigency in historical events. Things didn't have to happen the way they did, what if someone made a different decision?
You are Henry VIII and the year is 1509.
You've just come to the throne as a healthy, romantic, joust-loving 17-year-old. [[(1, pg.43)|Bibliography]] One of the most important duties of a Tudor monarch is to get married and have a male heir to secure the dynasty for centuries to come. You therefore need to decide who you are going to marry.
Do you marry:
[[your brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon|Catherine of Aragon]]?
[[another Spanish princess|Eleanor of Austria]]?
[[a French princess|Claude of France]]?
[[one of your subjects|Anne Howard]]?
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg#/media/File:After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/After_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" alt="Full-length portrait of King Henry VIII" height="720" width="409"></a>
<br>Portrait of Henry VII By <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" class="extiw" title="w:en:Hans Holbein the Younger"><span title="German artist and printmaker (1497–1543)">Hans Holbein the Younger</span></a>This type of story creates a representative character type and lets you play as that character. So instead of playing as a ''specific'' //historical// ~~nun~~, ^^you^^ can be a (text-style:"shadow")[generic] nun and think about the choices that nun might have made.
Let's pretend we are a Tudor artist who has been employed to paint a [[portrait]] of the King!This is a story that is strictly historically accurate, but lets the player decide what to focus on.
Are you more interested in Henry VIII's [[jousting career|sports]], [[building projects|palaces]], [[marital drama]], [[wars]], or [[art collection|art]]?
This type of story is strictly true and follows a linear narrative, but as you go along, it has side passages you can explore that explain concepts in the text.
You are [[Edward VI]], King of [[England]].
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<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circle_of_William_Scrots_Edward_VI_of_England.jpg#/media/File:Circle_of_William_Scrots_Edward_VI_of_England.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Circle_of_William_Scrots_Edward_VI_of_England.jpg" alt="Formal portrait in the Elizabethan style of Edward in his early teens. He has a long pointed face and a small full mouth." height="1000" width="759"></a>
By Circle of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:William_Scrots" class="extiw" title="w:en:William Scrots"><span title="Flemish painter of the Tudor court (1537-1553)">William Scrots</span></a>
You came to the throne as a 9 year old boy under the supervision of a [[regency]] council.
[[What happened next? Click to find out!|page2]]Catherine of Aragon is your dead brother's widow, who has been stuck in limbo in England since his death and you, a proper chivalric knight, have been champing at the bit to rescue her.
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michel_Sittow_002.jpg#/media/File:Michel_Sittow_002.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Michel_Sittow_002.jpg" alt="Michel Sittow 002.jpg" height="500" width="357"></a>
Portrait By <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Michael_Sittow" class="extiw" title="w:en:Michael Sittow"><span title="painter who worked in Tallinn (1459-1525)">Michael Sittow</span></a>
From your advisors' perspective, marrying Catherine strengthens ties diplomatically with England and Spain and all the hard work of negotiating is already done - she's a bird in the hand! As a bonus, this means you don't have to give back her dowry to the King of Spain.
But the real reason you're marrying her is probably that you've had a crush on her for years.
Unfortunately, after years of marriage, all you have is [[daughters]]Marrying your dead brother's widow is not necessarily something encouraged by the Bible.
Eleanor of Austria is Catherine of Aragon's niece and seven years younger than Henry. This reinforces the diplomatic ties with Spain but in a new, younger packaging.
The one downside of Eleanor is she isn't yet 12 - the legal minimum age for marriage - but that gives you plenty of time to get the papal dispensation necessary to marry her and also negotiate a nice, new, big dowry.
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joos_van_Cleve_003.jpg#/media/File:Joos_van_Cleve_003.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Joos_van_Cleve_003.jpg" alt="Joos van Cleve 003.jpg" height="720" width="586"></a>
Portrait by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Joos_van_Cleve" class="extiw" title="w:en:Joos van Cleve"><span title="Flemish painter (1485–1540)">Joos van Cleve</span></a>
Unfortunately, after years of marriage, all you have is [[daughters]]Why fight for land in France when you can marry it instead, all in the guise of making peace with the French monarch? Claude is not yet 12, the legal minimum age to get married, but she will be by the time you finish negotiating your marriage.
By marrying Claude of France, you gain her inheritance of Brittany for you and your heirs. And at least for now, you can pretend that you are not angling after the French throne...
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Claude_de_France_(1499-1524).png#/media/File:Claude_de_France_(1499-1524).png"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Claude_de_France_%281499-1524%29.png" alt="Claude de France (1499-1524).png" height="720" width="574"></a>
Portrait by someone in the School of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Jean_Clouet" class="extiw" title="w:en:Jean Clouet"><span title="French Renaissance miniaturist and painter (1480-1541)">Jean Clouet</span></a>
Unfortunately, after years of marriage, all you have is [[daughters]] and so you end up at [[war with France]] again anyway.The Howards are one of the premiere families of the realm and some of your closest allies. While it's a bit of a come-down to marry a mere noblewoman,[[^^1^^|Bibliography]] you can get her fast and start having heirs without having to spend a lot of time on royal negotiations. And unlike some of your other options, she is old enough to marry now.
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Unfortunately, after years of marriage, all you have is [[daughters]][[^^1^^|Bibliography]]What is a king to do, when all he has is daughters? Clearly it's time for a new wife!
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/egqqtAo8WSI?si=D5a1HOF_wsgrO7HS" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
[[Time passes]]<iframe src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1xuY4upIooEeszZ_lCmeNx24eSFWe0rHe9ZdqH2xqVNk&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650" width="100%" height="650" frameborder="0"></iframe>You go to war with France and fight a lot of battles that can be seen on the map below:
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1r5yH3HYeqYF969moTaHfPt8e7v99XBGX&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>While Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon seems successful, unfortunately, Henry only has daughters. Drama ensues.Henry VIII loved sports, especially tournaments. While jousting was the main event at most tournaments, it wasn't the only thing people did. For example, at the Field of Cloth of Gold, there was wrestling!
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TapestryHenriFrancois.jpg#/media/File:TapestryHenriFrancois.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/TapestryHenriFrancois.jpg" alt="TapestryHenriFrancois.jpg" height="480" width="498"></a>
Tapestry by <span lang="en">Anonymous</span> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sothebys.com/fr/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.14.html/2014/masterworks-n09209">http://www.sothebys.com/fr/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.14.html/2014/masterworks-n09209</a>, Public Domain, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63758910">Link</a>
Some of his jousting arenas can be found at
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1RyH1p0nE69nTjQEpq_D4kqgH7KC0Gqc&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>
Made by: Wyatt Virgin, Taha Alsheekh, Jimmy Filou, Peter Fleischman, and Roberto FannellHenry VIII constructed and aquired many palaces during his reign. They were located across England. Windsor Castle, Eltham Palace, and Whitehall Palace are displayed on the map below.
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1jdOTBFB2-etabnXDP_SK07L7H3blEFI&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>
Co-created by Sydney Fish, Rama Taha, Rodrigo Canales, Patrick Romance, and Sogol Kermandar
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=171oZdd8kLbXRJdn253w75Wkoa3lAkdQ&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>
Created by Seth Whipple, Nhung Quach, Sadik Dhubow, Anna Fenimore. Sydney Gulbranson
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Aje6d7t_lOs?si=QHXUqh57y_-gcjyl" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>Henry VIII loved to collect artwork for his [[palaces]].
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1491_Henry_VIII.jpg#/media/File:1491_Henry_VIII.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/1491_Henry_VIII.jpg" alt="Henry VIII of England" height="720" width="582"></a>
Portrait by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Joos_van_Cleve" class="extiw" title="w:en:Joos van Cleve"><span title="Flemish painter (1485–1540)">Joos van Cleve</span></a>This is a map of the battles that Henry VIII fought in. He found all across Europe and this map shows the range that he covered.
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1LvptzE1lg0IuBATMR__wh7Lf7yWdqiA&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>
Created by Jared McLeod, Angela Marisol, Eylissa Valencia-Marcia, Katlyn Newburn, and Nevaeh Byrd
3 Tudor Battles Eric, Shihab, Sweetie, Abdelrahman, and DePaul
During the third invasion of France by King Henry VIII, occured the first and second sieges of Boulogne.
[[Click here for a map of the city in modern day]]
During the Battle of Bosworth King Richard dies in a charge against Lord Stanley.
[[Click here for a map of the charge]]<iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=147j9OnzxWVV4n1aB4k0mdJmY7cz1VRg&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=147j9OnzxWVV4n1aB4k0mdJmY7cz1VRg&ehbc=2E312F" width="640" height="480"></iframe>England numbers its kings using Roman numerals to indicate how many kings have had that number before. There were five kings named Edward prior to Edward Tudor, therefore he was sixth king of that name.
This does include as Edward V the Prince in the Tower who was presumably murdered by Richard III. Until Edward VI took the throne, it was not clear whether Edward V would be considered a king in the numbering system or not.
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:King-edward-v.jpg#/media/File:King-edward-v.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/King-edward-v.jpg" alt="King-edward-v.jpg" height="339" width="213"></a>
By Lorenzo LippiUnder your reign, the [[Reformation]] accelerated.
You were raised to be particularly devout and reforming, and thus had a great deal of difficulty in your relationship with your [[Catholic]] elder sister and [[heir]], [[Mary]].
Unfortunately, at the age of 15, you get [[measles]] and nearly die! Although everyone thinks you've recovered, it soon becomes apparent that you have instead developed [[consumption]] and are going to die horribly and young.
[[What are you going to do about your heir being a Catholic??? Click here to find out|page3]]Consumption was the historical name for tuberculosis (TB) that gets into the lungs and gives a characteristic bloody cough. TB can be latent in a body and activate due to immune trauma. TB was the number 1 killer of people in the medieval and early modern period (not plague!)You decide to disinherit your [[heir]], [[Mary]], due to her [[Catholic]] faith.
Unfortunately, your attempts to install a new successor to the throne, instead kick off a [[coup]] orchestrated by your sister Mary. Or is it a coup, if she was supposed to inherit and you tried to disinherit her? Oh, well, you're [[dead]] either way and Mary took the throne.
[[What happened NEXT??? Click to find out|page4]](enchant:?page,(bg:white))
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You are Tudor artist and have strong opinions about the colors that should be used for royalty.
Obviously (text-colour:purple)[purple is the most important].
The (text-colour:#2b8a3e)[green] and white of the Tudor coat of arms is also crucial.
Then there are England's colors, and the colors of Richmond, and so forth.
You will have to [[make paint]] in all these colors!To make paint, you need to acquire a ton of dangerous substances like lead and mercury and things that you would not want to use and then lick your paintbrush (a bad habit you have been trying to break!)
If you continually expose yourself to these dangerous substances, you will (text-rotate-x:19)+(text-rotate-y:22)+(text-rotate-z:149)[go mad] and die young.
Luckily you are still healthy enough and can get on with your [[work]].Before you meet the king, you need to gather your supplies
* [[Paint]]
* [[Paintbrushes]]
* [[Canvas]]
* [[Water]]
* [[Palette]]
* [[Easel]]
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(enchant:?passage,(b4r:"dotted","dotted","double","inset")+(b4r-colour:magenta,cyan,lime,purple))Your Text Here
#Bibliography
1. Richard Rex, //A Short History of the Tudors//, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
2. Simon Thurley, //Houses of Power: The Places that Shaped the Tudor World//, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
3. Ian Mortimer, //Time Traveler’s Guide to Elizabethan England //, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.